The Rocking Horse Winner By F. Lawrence - 2382 Words

One of the emotional essentials of life is to be loved, and there are quite a few cases where material things can hinder receiving this much-needed love, the greatest culprit of all being money. D. H. Lawrence’s short story â€Å"The Rocking Horse Winner† tells of a boy, Paul, who desires love and affection from his mother, Hester, but she is so wrapped up in her concerns with money that she does not display any of this needed affection toward her son or any of her children. She has grown unloving and bitter due to her husband’s inability to meet her expectations, and she tells Paul his father is unlucky. Full of curiosity, Paul asks his mother what luck is, and she tells him, â€Å"‘It’s what causes you to have money. If you’re lucky you have money. That’s why it’s better to be born lucky than rich. If you’re rich, you may lose your money. But if you’re lucky, you will always get more money† (Lawrence, 2). P aul is quite intuitive and interprets that the only way he can finally obtain love from his mother is if he is lucky, much unlike his father. He proudly shares with his mother that he is lucky, but when she does not take his word seriously, he falls into a blinded rage as he madly rides his rocking horse, hoping it will take him to where the luck is, â€Å"‘Now take me to where there is luck!’† (3). By riding his rocking-horse, he knows which horse will win the derby. The association of love with money brings about the idea of a love for money, or greed, which is one of the sevenShow MoreRelatedThe Rocking Horse Winner By F. H. Lawrence, And The Lottery1155 Words   |  5 PagesThe Rocking-Horse Winner, the author utilizes setting, imagery, and irony to accomplish the hidden theme in this short story, which is the absence of love that prompt the quest for cash and material wealth, or greed, and will eventually obliterate happiness and prompt inevitable defeat. In The Lottery, the author uses its setting and irony to show the theme, which is violence and cruelty towards another human being shows there is a lack of love in the community. In The Rocking-Horse Winner, byRead MoreThe Role of Luck and Money in The Rocking Horse Winner686 Words   |  3 PagesRole of Luck and Money in The Rocking Horse Winner D.H. Lawrences The Rocking Horse Winner is an allegorical tale that explores the relationship of luck and money and how Pauls, the storys protagonist, perception thereof influences his behavior. Through an omniscient point of view, the narrator guides the reader through the events that occur without demonstrating bias and thus establishes the story is intended to teach a lesson. The Rocking Horse Winner explores the complex relationshipRead MoreThe Rocking Horse Winner by D.H. Lawrence Essay1000 Words   |  4 Pagesbut neglect the emotional aspects. The overpowering need for money takes a toll on families. D.H Lawrence’s short story explores the dynamics of money and its psychological toll. The story’s unhappy family in D.H Lawrence’s short story, â€Å"The Rocking-Horse Winner†, demonstrates the adverse psychological effects that derive from the insatiable desire of money and mindless consumerism. The stories dissatisfied family demonstrates the adverse psychological effects that arise from the insatiable desireRead MoreEnglish 102 Fiction Essay1129 Words   |  5 Pagesthemes of Shirley Jackson’s, â€Å"The Lottery† and D.H. Lawrence’s, â€Å"The Rocking-Horse Winner† demonstrate a very powerful and sinister aspect of fallen human nature. The characters in both of these stories are driven to what many would describe as insanity in the pursuit of a passion. Ultimately, these pursuits end in unimaginable tragedy and pain. I. The townspeople in â€Å"The Lottery† and the family members in â€Å"The Rocking-Horse Winner† are caught up in their passions. A. Paul is pursuing answersRead MoreHow to Read Lit Like a Prof Notes3608 Words   |  15 Pagesunder different rules, the Red Queen, the White Rabbit, the Cheshire Cat, the Wicked Witch of the West, the Wizard, who is a fraud e. Cinderella: orphaned girl abused by adopted family saved through supernatural intervention and by marrying a prince f. Snow White: Evil woman who brings death to an innocent—again, saved by heroic/princely character g. Sleeping Beauty: a girl becoming a woman, symbolically, the needle, blood=womanhood, the long sleep an avoidance of growing up and becoming a marriedRead MoreHorace Gregory s Short ( But Perfectly Formed D. H. Lawrence : Pilgrim Of The Apocalypse10205 Words   |  41 PagesCHAPTER TWO Inquisitive D. H. Lawrence versus Anally Retentive Mr. Freud Horace Gregory’s short (but perfectly formed) D. H. Lawrence: Pilgrim of the Apocalypse (1933) explains how Lawrence’s two essays on psychoanalysis were motivated by his desire to understand. What he needed to understand was why he was as he was; how the development of masculinity and gender identity were influenced and how obstacles such as an over-possessive mother might impair these developments. Hence, his works onRead MoreHistory of the Development of the Short Story.3660 Words   |  15 Pages20th century, a number of high-profile magazines such as The Atlantic Monthly, Scribners and The Saturday Evening Post published short stories in each issue. The demand for quality short stories was so great and the money paid for such so high that F. Scott Fitzgerald repeatedly turned to short-story writing to pay his numerous debts. The post-war era The period following World War II saw a great flowering of literary short fiction in the United States. The New Yorker continued to publishRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagessource of competitive advantage, the rationale for regular and detailed analyses of customers is therefore strong. Chapter 2 Marketing auditing and the analysis of capability M A R K E T I N G A U D I T I N G A N D T H E A N A LY S I S O F C A PA B I L I T Y 45 2.1 Learning objectives When you have read this chapter you should understand: (a) the nature, structure and purpose of the marketing audit; (b) the nature of the contribution made by the marketing audit to the overall managementRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages Management—-Study and teaching. 2. Management—Problems, exercises, etc. Kim S. II. Title. HD30.4.W46 2011 658.40071 173—dc22 I. Cameron, 2009040522 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 ISBN 10: 0-13-612100-4 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-612100-8 B R I E F TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S Preface xvii Introduction 1 PART I 1 2 3 PERSONAL SKILLS 44 Developing Self-Awareness 45 Managing Personal Stress 105 Solving Problems Analytically and Creatively 167 PART II 4 5 6 7 INTERPERSONAL SKILLS

Cango Week 2 Video Analysis by Team a Essay - 1467 Words

CanGo Video Analysis- Week 2 The Innovative A’s Consulting Group is glad to run our analysis on your company’s operational process. Your company has done tremendous progress and indeed it is a recommendable success as it started out small and grew to be one of the leading businesses in the industry. In our analysis over the past two weeks, we observed that, if planned well, CanGo has a promising future ahead. Our team came up with certain issues being faced by your company, which we assume, if not resolved, can cause a problem in the long run for CanGo to be more successful. Your company has been lucky over the past few years, but in our evaluation, we concluded that CanGo’s future needs a great deal of strategic planning. By carefully†¦show more content†¦As long as Nick is leading this project, we see that his distractions will ultimately cause failure. He is easily distracted and has no sense of what direction to proceed. Nick has some good ideas as far as what they need to pre pare for the online gaming to launch, such as he hardware and how they will obtain bandwidth. The CanGo team also needs to decide if they are capable to take on this project, since most members are not familiar with online gaming they need to decide if they need to bring in outside help. 4) Financial Budgeting: The CanGo organization is lacking a Project Budget. The group is disorganized and unsure if the project can afford necessary equipment and resources required to complete the project. CanGo’s project team or the project manager needs to develop a project budget, including the goal of the project budget. The project manager will use this budget to help determine if the project is on track and the budget will be used by a number of personal as a guideline to fulfill project milestones. Aspects that need to be considered and included in the project budget are employee compensation, contract services such as hardware and software, equipment and supplies, and the budget should include overhead expenses. Overhead and indirect costs allow the project to absorb part of the administrative costs of the organizations daily operations. Many software options are available on the market today, such asShow MoreRelatedBusn 460 Entire Course Guide Week 1 – 81110 Words   |  5 PagesCou rse Guide Week 1 – 8 Purchase here http://chosecourses.com/BUSN%20460/busn-460-entire-course-guide-week-1-8 Product Description (BUSN 460 Senior Project - DeVry) BUSN 460 Week 1 Team Contract BUSN 460 Week 1 DQ 1 Selling your teams services to CanGo BUSN 460 Week 1 DQ 2 Mission, Vision Values BUSN 460 Week 2 Team Video Analysis Report Week 1-2 BUSN 460 Week 2 DQ 1 Planning a Technological Solution BUSN 460 Week 2 DQ 2 CostBenefit Analysis BUSN 460 Week 3 IndividualRead MoreSenior Project Final Report Guide1715 Words   |  7 Pagesrecommendations based on your research and analysis. You and your team have been hired by CanGo as consultants to help them improve their fast-growing business. The management team at CanGo is busy, not entirely organized and somewhat overwhelmed by their success. They are looking to you as an objective, intelligent, experienced business person - and to your combined experience as a team to help them figure out what they should do in several areas of their business. CanGo can provide very little guidanceRead MoreEssay on Cango Week 2 Video Analysis2603 Words   |  11 PagesProject Management Consultant Group Team – C CanGo Company Weeks 1 amp; 2 Videos Analysis BUSN 460 Senior Project Management Consultant Group Team – C CanGo Company Weeks 1 amp; 2 Videos Analysis DeVry University 5/13/2012 DeVry University 5/13/2012 Team Members Joyce Jones - Team leader, Week - 2 John Inverso Marquetta Macon Adrienne Mccain Shad Mongrue Presented to: Professor Juan Peralta Team Members Joyce Jones - Team leader, Week - 2 John Inverso Marquetta Macon Read MoreCango Week 1 2 Analysis Report Essay example1275 Words   |  6 PagesDreamMakers 2012 Team Video Analysis Report Week 1 and Week 2 DeVry University Video Notes Week 1 1st Issue: Liz the CEO of CanGo company has been selected the Business Leader of the Year. However, she is not prepared to discuss how her company accomplished all this success because she doesn’t have a strategic plan in place. She is somewhat nervous about how she will prepare a speech about a plan that she doesn’t have in place. Recommendation: Liz should think back about theRead MoreCango Wk 4 Swot1702 Words   |  7 PagesSWOT Analysis: Swot stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. The SWOT analysis will assist CanGo understand the opportunities that are obtainable and what threats may have an effect on its business. Before moving onward with new ventures CanGo needs to evaluate the arrangement they currently have in the market. Performing a SWOT analysis technique would be very beneficial at this point and will serve as the baseline to elaborate on a strategic plan for the organization.Read MoreEssay on Cango: Strategic Management and Online Gaming761 Words   |  4 PagesSenior Project For the week 2 Team report you are to list 6 issues facing CanGo that you gleaned from the week 1 and 2 videos. They should be prioritized in order of importance. They should be numbered. The team must then come up with an actionable recommendation for each of the issues found. These should also be numbered. 1. CanGo does not have a a concise vision or mission statement that defines who they are as a company. Solution: CanGo needs to find out what market they wantRead MoreBUSN 460 Senior Project Week 2 CANGO Video Analysis Set 2 Answer1566 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Week 2 Video Analysis BUSN460, Senior Project, DeVry University Online WEEK 2 VIDEO ANALYSIS 2 Table of Contents of 6 issues facing CanGo: Issue 1: Absence of planning for the startup business †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 Issue 2: Missing strategic planning for the future of the company †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 4 Issue 3: Failure to utilize team strategic planning †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 Issue 4: Lack of direction and good communication practices †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 Issue 5: Deficiency in communication and organizational/prioritizationRead MoreCango Analysis963 Words   |  4 Pagesobservation is that CanGo is a company that has had some success so far. Liz and her company have many great ideas for the future of the company. However, they still need to create a mission statement to show what the company is trying to accomplish as well as what they are about. Liz was given an award, and just glossed over the story, because she had no idea how CanGo came to where they are. There was lack of planning, and didn’t even have a vision for her company. CanGo has identified a growingRead Moresenior project- CanGo2692 Words   |  11 PagesBusiness Strategy Analysis.....†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦page 5 Managerial Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.page 5 S.W.O.T. Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ page 7 Market Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦page 8 Competitive Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦page 12 Financial Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..........page 18 Strategic Planning†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..page 19 â€Æ' Executive Summary The purpose of this report is to provide CanGo Corporation with guidanceRead MoreEssay on Cango Week 1 and 2 Video Analysis Report2305 Words   |  10 PagesWeek 1 amp; 2 Analysis Report â€Å"Poor strategic planning is worse than no strategic planning. It can be a big waste of time and money† (â€Å"Strategic Thinking†, 2011, p.1). Strategic planning plays a very crucial role in helping organizations achieve their goals. The strategic planning process requires both managers and their subordinates to work together as a team to design, plan and implement those goals. We have noticed that there have been some deficiencies in the leadership of CanGo Inc. We

Ethical and Negligence Issues Faced By MYH Samples for Students

Question: 1.Using the American Accounting Association (AAA) Ethical Decision model Explain the Ethical Issues involved here and recommend a Course of action for Jacqui and Prepare a report for the Managing Partners of MYH on the strength of any negligence case that Oasis might bring against MYH. Answer: Introduction Provided report has been developed for managing partner of Miller Yates Howarth (MYH) by considering the ethical and legal liability issues faced by auditor. This report contains two parts, first parts deals with ethical dilemma of consideration of other facts which are not covered in audit scope but are significant and second part deals with the negligence case in favour of Oasis. First part will be supported by American Accounting Association (AAA) model and second part is supported by case study of Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS). Ethical Issue Concerned case situation has been evaluated by making use of American Accounting Association (AAA) model which consists seven logical step process for making decisions by considering ethical aspects (Curtis, Humphrey Turley, 2016). Facts of the case In the given case situation; Morgan Fertilisers Pty Limited is an important and longstanding audit client of MYH. One of the senior auditor Jacqui Leak of the firm is concerned about their contract with Dumparound Ltd. She is concerned because this contract is not signed despite having involvement of substantial amount, period and consequences. However, another employee Barry does not agree with her concern as according to him they are only responsible for the correctness of financial report. Ethical issues in the case In the present case situation; the main issue is related to consideration of other financial matters in the audit. According to Barry, they are only responsible for the correctness of financial report not for their contracts with other firms. Henceforth; they should focus on assessment and evaluation of financial matter due to which concern of Jacqui Leak is not relevant. However; in accordance with Australian Auditing Standards; theauditoris responsible for planning and performing theauditto attain reasonable assurance to determine whether financial statements are free from material misstatement, error or fraud or not (Simunic Zhang, 2017). As a consequence; matters that can affect the financial status of business are required to be considered in the audit. In the present case; contract with Dumparound Ltd is not signed despite having involvement of substantial amount, period and probable adverse consequences. This issue can affect the future prospect of business. However, the cons idered aspect is not covered in audit scope due to which it is creating an ethical dilemma for an audit firm. Norms, principles and values related to the case Audits refer to the evaluation of financial and accounting information to determine its reliability. The information may be both financial and non-financial and is proposed to be used by internal and external users (Sutherland, 2017). The main propose of external auditing is to provide financial assurance to stakeholders in relation to the reliability of the financial information generated by the organization. The capital market globalization created a big impact on morals of auditing; it is because intellectual diversity shows vast issues about the suitable global ethical standards. Under ASA 200, the auditor has to keep up professional scepticism all over the audit process with identifying the probability that due to fraud financial information will contain material misstatement, in spite of the experience of auditor, honesty and reliability of management and the ones charged with governance (Moroney Trotman, 2016).Until the auditor believed in the dissimilarity, then they must agree to documents and records as authentic. During auditing, the conditions determined can make the auditor to accept that a document might not be genuine or has contained altered terms but have not disclosed to the auditor, then auditor has obligation for further investigation (Knechel Salterio 2016). Further; where there is lack of stability in the response of management enquiries or entity management, the auditor must scrutinize the discrepancies. The Same factor has been promoted by Proposed Auditing Standard ASA 250 which deals with Consideration of Laws and Regulations in an Aud it of a Financial Report (Earley and et.al, 2016). As per this standard auditor have an obligation to ensure all regulatory aspects are satisfied in preparation of the financial report. Alternative courses of action Focusing merely on financial statements If the approach of Barry is considered then; MYH will merely consider financial aspects given in statement as per the concerned audit scope. It is because; they are not allocated to the job to determine that whether the company is a good corporate citizen or not. Raising query for waste management contract between Dumparound and Morgan Fertilisers If the approach of Jacqui is considered then; auditors are required to make queried related to a contractual agreement such as why the signature is not taken, why contractual terms related to impact is missing and who will be responsible in case of loss. Same has to be reported in audit report with additional descriptive attachment. Best course of action consistent with the identified norms, principles and values By considering audit provisions and obligations of auditors in Australia; MYH is required to consider the query raised by Jacqui Leak. It is because; this contract has misleading factors which are probable indicators of fraud and non-compliance with regulations. Despite having substantial amount contract is not signed, and there is no description regarding probable damages. On the basis of this fact; auditors are required to make an appropriate evaluation of this transaction and to ask management regarding the justification of the contract. Consequence of each possible course of action Focusing merely on financial statements In this case audior will be providing an opinion on the basis of financial statements of the company without considering the impact of the contractual agreement. In this fact auditors, responsibilities will not be satisfied as their action is not justified because they are ignoring the interest of stakeholders. Raising query for waste management contract between Dumparound and Morgan Fertilisers Appropriate evaluation of concerned contract to determine whether management is engaged in fraud or not. By considering this approach; they will discharge their responsibility as per ethical aspects cited by Australian Auditing Standards. Decision In accordance with the Australian Auditing Standards; auditors are required to critically evaluate the transactions which have a probability of material misstatements (Ye Simunic, 2013). Further same should be disclosed in their auditor report with the descriptive content. In the present case; auditors are required to highlight non-compliance of regulations by Dumparound Ltd such as making contractual relationship without a signature and justified terms of adverse consequences of contract. Despite fact that management had provided justification of this contract, auditors are required to disclose the fact in the audit report to stakeholders can raise further query if this fact affects their interest (Rathke and et.al, 2016). Legal Liability Issue According to Australian Auditing Standards auditor has legal obligations to ensure audit quality by complying with recognised standards. Further, they must publish transparent audit report as it is used by various stakeholders for making decisions in the context of business. Users of financial information rely on auditors report in terms of accuracy and reliability (Carson, Simnett Vanstraelen, 2013). Due to this factor; Auditors are mainly responsible for their acts concerned with offences under criminal as well as civil law. Criminal law oversees affairs among entities and states; it takes place when an individual (auditor) or entity (audit firm) contravenes a law imposed by the government (Abernathy and et.al, 2015). On the other side, civil law addresses arguments among organizations and individuals. There are two parts of the civil law of specific importance to the profession of auditing, tort law and the contract law (Quadackers, Groot Wright, 2014). These set up principles f or the responsibility of auditor to customer and parties. According to the contract law, parties may search for a solution to contravene of contractual compulsion. Thus shareholders can search for a solution from the auditor, in case they cannot meet the terms of a commitment letter (Lennox Li, 2014). According to the tort law, an auditor can be charged for their in case they contravene a duty of care to a party who as a result is bearing losses. The present case situation is supported by the negligence of auditors due to which Oasis have to suffer from significant losses. It is because; inventory held by Morgan Fertilizers was overvalued and company do not possess the quantity of inventory claimed at the time of the audit. This issue has been arising because auditor had not attended all the stock takes and rely on the provided facts by the company. Further, 50% of the stock of the company was held by Bathurst facility, but auditors neither had taken external confirmation nor requested company for further evidence. It was also revealed that entire audit was conducted in pressure by Morgan Fertilizers due to which provided an opinion is biased, and same make financial information less reliable. Case facts clearly show that auditors have breached their obligations and they had not assessed company affairs in a proper manner. Further, they cannot take benefit of the fact that auditor was not aware of the intended use of accounts because their negligence is the primary factor that caused the losses of Oasis as they had taken the decision of takeover on the basis of the audit report. A similar issue has been raised in the case of Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS). As per this case; in APC Ltd, BJM were the auditors of the entity and RBS was the principal lender. RBS too covers interest of equity in APC. RBS requested APC to provide their financial statement to them in the time period of six months, not during the end of financial year (Harding and et.al, 2016). APC passed the copies of audited accounts to RBS for the purpose of helping RBS in their decisions of lending. However; there were material misstatements in financial accounts due to which RBS has to face losses. Afterwards, RBS charged BJM for the loss occurred because the loss was due to dependency on the auditing accounts of APC and same comprised material misstatements. BJM made application in court to strike out the claim by considering the fact that they did not owe RBS a duty of care. The court made a decision that the information appealed by RBS was enough in law to cause duty of care (Siriwardane, Kin Hoi Hu Low 2014). Considerably, found that there was no direct relationship between RBS and BJM, the auditor can reject liability toward RBI when they observed that RBI was permitted to check the accounts for the aim of helping in the decisions of lending. Lack of disclaimer was a considerable issue supporting the finding of a duty of care (Payne and et.al, 2017). Similarly, in the present case, there is no disclaimer regarding exclusion of obligation and significant breach of auditor obligations. There is a clear case of breach of duty on the part of MYH due to which they are responsible for the losses of Oasis. Conclusion In accordance with the present study conclusion can be drawn that auditors are required to consider their ethical and legal obligations while performing audit procedures. Opinion provided by them must be unbiased and supported by interest of stakeholders to prevent legal claim and discharge their responsibility in an appropriate manner. Non-compliance of cited aspects can lead to severe penalties and legal claims thus auditors are required to operate in fair manner by considering ethical and legal aspect References Abernathy, J., Felix, R., Jamal, K., Krishnamoorthy, G., Pevzner, M. (2015). Comments of the Standards Committee of the Auditing Section of the Accounting Association on the SEC's Concept Release No. 33-9862; 34-75344 File No. S7-13-15, Possible Revisions to Audit Committee Disclosures: Participating Committee Members.Current Issues in Auditing,9(2), C8-C17. Carson, E., Simnett, R., Vanstraelen, A. (2013, September). Auditing the auditors: An international analysis of the effectiveness of national inspection regimes on audit quality. InThe University of Auckland Business School Seminar. Curtis, E., Humphrey, C., Turley, W. S. (2016). Standards of innovation in auditing.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,35(3), 75-98. Earley, C. E., Hooks, K. L., Joe, J. R., Polinski, P. W., Rezaee, Z., Roush, P. B., ... Wu, Y. J. (2016). The Auditing Standards Committee of the Auditing Section e to the International Auditing and Assurance Standard's Board's Invitation to Comment: Enhancing Audit Quality in the Public Interest.Current Issues in Auditing,11(1), C1-C25. Harding, N., Azim, M. I., Jidin, R., Muir, J. P. (2016). A Consideration of Literature on Trust and Distrust as they Relate to Auditor Professional Scepticism.Australian Accounting Review,26(3), 243-254. Knechel, W. R., Salterio, S. E. (2016).Auditing: Assurance and risk. Taylor Francis. Lennox, C., Li, B. (2014). Accounting misstatements following lawsuits against auditors.Journal of Accounting and Economics,57(1), 58-75. Moroney, R., Trotman, K. T. (2016). Differences in Auditors' Materiality Assessments When Auditing Financial Statements and Sustainability Reports.Contemporary Accounting Research,33(2), 551-575. Payne, E. A., Curtis, M. B., Williams, L. T., Wilder, W. M. (2017). Current Issues in Auditing A Publication of the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association. Quadackers, L., Groot, T., Wright, A. (2014). Auditors professional skepticism: Neutrality versus presumptive doubt.Contemporary Accounting Research,31(3), 639-657. Rathke, A. A. T., Santana, V. D. F., Loureno, I. M. E. C., Dalmcio, F. Z. (2016). International financial reporting standards and earnings management in Latin America.Revista de Administrao Contempornea,20(3), 368-388. Simunic, D. A., Ye, M., Zhang, P. (2017). The joint effects of multiple legal system characteristics on auditing standards and auditor behavior.Contemporary Accounting Research,34(1), 7-38. Siriwardane, H. P., Kin Hoi Hu, B., Low, K. Y. (2014). Skills, Knowledge, and Attitudes Important for Present?Day Auditors.International Journal of Auditing,18(3), 193-205. Sutherland, D. W. (2017). Independent audit report.Newsmonth,37(3), 19. Ye, M., Simunic, D. A. (2013). The economics of setting auditing standards.Contemporary Accounting Research,30(3), 1191-1215.

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Decentralisation Country Essay Decentralisation is one of the most popular and most proven ways to govern a country. In this respect the world practice knows many examples of decentralised countries where the social features and issues are likely to be solved more effectively owing to the dispersal of the state authority. The theme of decentralisation as the way to develop countries and lead them toward positive outcomes is recurring now. The paper suggests a scope of different important fields of state regulations which highlight the value of decentralisation. Insofar, the question is that this topic is based more on the examples of developing countries where the lack of constructive authority props up against the lack of follow up. It is meant here that the bottom-to-top approach is at stake, and it is a responsibility of a researcher to either prove the value of political and administrative (structural) decentralisation or not. Decentralisation is discussed in the paper through the evaluation of its impacts on public services in different Latin American countries and in some other countries of the world as well. Thereupon, a weighed position is determined in the research in order to constitute pros and cons of decentralisation supported by real facts gathered from peer-reviewed articles. Bringing to notice decades of developmental changes in different countries of the world, it is vital to state that decentralisation results in better development outcomes. Development planning is necessary for the strategy of further growth in a definite country. This is why it is no surprise that due to some sociological and political ideas stated by Marxists and, perhaps, constructivists long before most of the countries that accepted such ideals have reached out positive results in their overall performance. First of all, governmental reforms in turning the economy toward more reliance on the local governments are beyond disagreement. There are four types of decentralisation to be provided in a country: administrative (deconcentration and delegation), fiscal, political, and market decentralisation (Fritzen Lim, 2006). The discussion in the paper contemplates mostly the three of them, i. e. administrative, fiscal, and political. Administrative decentralisation is considered to be the most valued among a set of developing countries in terms of increasing the functionality and efficiency of public sector and enhancing capacity development as well (Furtado, 2001). This notion of strategic changes in the economies suffering from such negative effects as corruption and inapproachability of the central power at the local level is more than just significant. It goes without saying that the main prospects relied on while approaching decentralization of power in the developing countries are to reduce poverty and to improve public services. Such an influence on the development planning should be understood empirically based on the current world practice in this sector of political implementation. However, it may happen that the main aid from donor countries to developing countries comes down solely to supporting these countries materially. It is, of course, a possible solution, but it does not embrace the particularities of a country’s human and natural potential (resources). In this respect United Nations Development Program (UNDP) lays more emphasis on â€Å"the need to situate institutions and individuals within their appropriate systems and strategic management contexts† (Furtado, 2001, p. 3). Thus, a country’s capacity development should go hand in hand with the national perspectives for the current and the next fiscal year. To say more, both political and administrative decentralisation should take place in order to respond to local communities and officials. On the other hand, fiscal decentralisation should be taken into consideration. There is a direct link between political governance and local development as applied to the success of a fiscal decentralization. The report on such theme by UNDP (2005) presupposes the following: â€Å"A well-designed fiscal decentralization reform will fail (and the anticipated benefits and increased efficiency will fail to materialize) if the appropriate governance mechanisms are not in place for local accountability† (UNDP, 2005, p. 18). This is why it is vital to take a glance at concrete examples where political decentralisation is in evidence. Before responding to the examples of some countries, it is significant to highlight the main causes of poverty and inability of governments to solve this problem. First, it touches upon the educational development in the rural areas. Second, it contemplates the governmental investment into the most strategically important sectors of public (community) services. In this respect the remarkable examples of two Latin American countries, Bolivia and Colombia, take place. The four lessons which were taught on the example of both Bolivia and Colombia in their urge for decentralisation are as follows: 1. Local democracy must be free, fair, transparent and competitive; 2. Sub-national governments must face hard budget constraints; 3. Central government must be scaled back; 4. Significant tax-raising powers must be devolved to the periphery (Faguet, The Effects of Decentralisation on Public Investment: Evidence and Four Lessons from Bolivia and Colombia, 2005, p. 1). Bolivia was a very poor country after the revolution, and there was no concrete mechanism for governing the country. In this respect the administrative division into municipalities helped the officials take a look at how it was better to maintain a change. The racial attitudes toward indigenous population in the rural areas could not be solved pragmatically. Thus, the country was at the edge of strategic decision-making process coming from the highest echelons of power. The policy of decentralisation was an innovative breakthrough for Bolivia, but a highly centralised state with a weak national identity influenced by a diverse population blocked any attempts to grow rich (Faguet Sanchez, 2006). Due to the decentralisation in the governmental and administrative policies, the formerly neglected majority of municipalities took advantage of maintaining authority on the spot. In fact, Bolivia increased its benefits owing to making more politically weighed national public investment: â€Å"Before decentralization Bolivia’s three main cities took 86% of all devolved funds, while the remaining 308 municipalities divided amongst them a mere 14%. After decentralization the shares reversed to 27% and 73% respectively† (Faguet Sanchez, 2006, p. 9). That is the ostensive argument for stating the advantage of implementing decentralization policies in developing countries to stabilize the overall political and economical atmosphere inside the country. Decentralisation of education in Bolivia was possible due to the Popular Participation Law adopted in 1994, and which gave access for people living in municipalities to the basic education (Gropello, 1999). Colombia has its own history of making decentralisation the basic rule for the reformation of the state and administrative regulations at the local level up to the central bodies of state authority. Getting through a three-phase process of the national development, decentralisation in Colombia helped Colombians gain more verification of country’s fiscal funds and taxation, political instruments implementation, fiscal and administrative reforms based on the appropriate reference to the law and the Constitution among municipalities (Faguet Sanchez, 2006). It took few decades or so for Colombia to run the gamut of public services and take control of the periphery. Nonetheless, the process of decentralization provoked a wave of higher rates of enrolment to the educational establishments (Galiani Schargrodsky, 2001). Thus, there is a positive shift in the primary value of decentralization in supporting the national economy in terms of education. Decentralisation which took place in Bolivia proved its validity and feasibility in terms of not just using but distributing human resources across 311 municipalities (Faguet, Does decentralization increase government responsiveness to local needs? Evidence from Bolivia, 2004). In this respect one should be accurate in estimating the way of reforms in each among Latin American countries. Educational prospects were identified as a reaction on the implementation of a dispersal of the state initiatives in municipalities. Thus, when looking at this phenomenon logically, there is no wonder in assessing a positive effect of decentralisation. As it was mentioned before, decentralisation serves as the mechanism which gives population an access to public services. Providing a set of empirical and theoretical speculations on the case of Colombia, there is plenty to talk about. As a matter of fact, it is well known that the most needful public services for the population in any country and in Colombia, in particular, are health services and education. It was mentioned, however, that Colombian decentralisation fell into a holistic success in rates of enrolees willing to gain elementary or high education. By contrast, other studies have evidenced that financial support by local governments would gain more efficiency if local officials were more informed about the current extreme needs of communities in each among municipalities (Faguet Sanchez, DECENTRALIZATION AND ACCESS TO SOCIAL SERVICES IN COLOMBIA, 2009). In this respect the state power of Colombia was inclined to enlarge the share of budget financial resources increasing investment rates as opposed to running costs. The aforementioned approach as of Colombian local governments has been already imposed in Spain. In fact, this country suffered from its highly centralised political and administrative organization. The implications of decentralisation in Spain showed that the more autonomous communities isolated somehow from the influence of the central power gained more benefits in education and economic development as well (Pena, 2006). There were only two exceptions in the overall evaluation, but they make no difference in stating the positive effect of decentralisation as applied to educational improvements in Spain. The Spanish state power and its legislative branch, in particular, did a scope of renovations to legalize the authority of local communities in order to improve the educational standards as a result. One of the notions reckons with the constitutional norms which state the following definition of power dispersal in educational sphere: The Constitution keeps for the central government the definition of the structure of the educational system, the regulation of the requirements for obtaining, issue and standardization of academic degrees and professional qualifications and the establishment of basic rules to guarantee the unity of the Spanish educational system. The other educational competences, however, can be devolved to the regional governements (Pena, 2006, p. 8). Thus, there is no obstacle for Spanish communities related to specific administrative regions to provide educational policies which suit the preferences of the population at the localities. In turn it facilitates the overall process of decentralising the governmental approaches in the public sector with further improvements reflected on the progress level and enrolment rates. Once again, the case of Spain manifests positive outcomes of decentralisation as referred to the educational sector of public services. In Chile, education decentralisation invigorated the process of adjusting responsibilities between the central government and the local authorities (Parry, 1997). The balance had been achieved due to a constructive subordination and delegation of primary and secondary affairs relevant to each among the administrative units. However, the research gives grounds for stating the significance of the monitoring and financial support on the part of the central power, as a necessity which should be taken for granted (Parry, 1997). The question is that the case of Chile differs from that of Spain. Here the communities are not that independent autonomously from the central power. Thus, it is as if communities in Chile have to gain more devolution in order to sustain and improve public services at the periphery primordially established by the central power. Insofar, the concept of devolution is the central for measuring the tools for decentralisation. In other words, decentralisation relies on devolution. In Chile as well as in other developing countries there is a need for being more informed and educated. Talking about this theme, one should bear it in mind that contemporary humanity shares the main product of the post-industrial society, namely information. Chilean process of reformation was not that easy in driving education decentralisation to masses. There were detrimental consequences from the Pinochet’s regime. Nevertheless, as strange as it may seem, it is Pinochet who actively supported the implementation of decentralisation in education in 1980s, being even sympathetic to private education as an alternative for generally accepted public education (Parry, 1997). Further still, this dictator saw the value of inclusion of all among communities into the public life of the country when he called for â€Å"the need to decentralize responsibility, grant a greater degree of participation to the community, and to rationalize the use of public resources† (Cited in Parry, 1997, p. 214). Coming closer to 1990s Chile along with Bolivia Colombia, Argentina, and other Latin American countries joined the democratic incentives implied into the policy of decentralisation. Getting ahead in changing the state power from autocratic to democratic, Chile reaped the benefit of decentralisation, as schools in different municipalities became accessible and attractive to parents and students. The readings of growth in enrolment rates are as follows: â€Å"In 1990, the division of enrolment between private subsidized and public schools was 35. 86% for private and 64. 14% for public† (Parry, 1997, p. 217-218). That was a real breakthrough for the country. However, there are a number of researchers who admit problems after implementing decentralisation policies mostly among developing countries. It is quite fair to suppose that the decentralisation process is not linear or constant for countries where it serves as the main tool for reforms in public services. The main apprehensive is concerned with the fact that by decentralising the power at the local level there is a probability (and rather explicit, so to speak) of the emergence of corruption and inequity in sharing financial or human resources within communities. On the other side, problems of a political kind stimulate some aggravations in the process of democratically positive development in decentralised countries. All in all, a scope of negative consequences as a result of decentralisation counts for the following ones: â€Å"decentralizing corruption, increased inequalities between resource-rich and resource-poor regions, failure of the central government to successfully set and enforce minimum service standards in critical areas of national priority† (Fritzen Lim, 2006, p. 5). Along with such highly increased cases of negative execution of decentralization at local governments there is a threat to macroeconomic stability. It is all about the arrangement of and report on the expenditures and revenues in a definite municipality as referred to the central body of power (Fritzen Lim, 2006). This is why every bean has its black, as they say. In addition the central-to-local feedbacks can encounter â€Å"barriers† on the part of the elite circles in a definite municipality. It is another problem of decentralization dealing with a huge gap in stratification of the society: â€Å"However, decentralization can also degrade provision in the presence of positive spillovers, lack of technical capabilities by local governments, or capture of low-level administrators by local elites† (Galiani, Gertler, Schargrodsky, Helping the Good Get Better, but Leaving the Rest Behind: How Decentralization Affects School Performance, 2004). Thus, the educational prospects and problems along with fiscal and administrative features of decentralisation have been mentioned already. However, the focal point is that developing countries need more intrinsic governmental incentives in order to decrease the rates of poverty. This aspect of the discussion needs proper evaluation. To make it plain, decentralisation policies are largely considered with a decrease of negative impacts on the level of living in the society of a definite country. Poverty serves as an index of a country’s inability to shift the situation for better by means of appropriate reforms. In this respect it is fair to remark the increase of wages, giving more opportunities for farmers and croppers, etc. Crook and Sverrisson (1999) narrow down these initiatives to four main approaches for governments, namely: 1. Changes in the microeconomic features. There should be a substantial and felt support of the rural workers in what they can contribute into the country’s economy. 2. Social equity. Reducing the gap between different communities according to their history, ethnicity, and culture. 3. Human development. Increasing the rates of social comfortable circumstances by decreasing detrimental effects of poverty. 4. Spatial or inter-regional inequality. A rational distribution of the resources between economically more and less sufficient regions (Crook Sverrisson, 1999). However, even with some positive changes due to decentralisation, Bolivia is still suffering from poverty. UNDP keeps a strict eye on the human relationships and economical prospects for decreasing the poverty rates in Bolivia. Even with the highest tempos of capacity development, Bolivia needs another set of reforms to go the way of the developed countries of the world (UNDP, 2005). Thus, the democracy should make point of what has been done in Bolivia due to the timely constructive implementation of decentralization policies. The concept of planning development should serve as one of the basic approaches for maintaining social, economical, political, and fiscal equilibrium. Specialists from USAID as well as from UNDP work on dissecting new approaches to encourage the value of decentralization, as the way to cope with a genuinely democratic type of relationships between the central power and the periphery. The participation is necessary at all levels. Indeed, it is participation in different spheres of the state governance that makes planning development more efficient due to the cohesiveness of all branches. Notwithstanding the type of regime in a country, an extra-ordinary value of decentralization is beyond disagreement. USAID experts interpret decentralization as a necessary state of relationships â€Å"to increase the scope of decisions, and thus incentives, available to local participants, as well as to build institutions and to encourage, structure, focus, and stabilize such participation† (Rondinelli, 1981, p. 133). Nevertheless, based on the aforementioned examples of countries, decentralisation provides opportunities to step across new frontiers in planning development. Hence, it is about time to state that decentralization results in better development outcomes. Breaking the power down by means of its dispersal among municipalities gives more grounds for the central power to evaluate, make decisions, and verify the execution of the law, economic, and political prospects at the local level. Increasing governmental investment in public services served as an impulse for the growth of planning development in Bolivia, Colombia, Chile, and Spain as well. Decentralisation is widely practised in the world’s countries. Furthermore, its significance for maintaining stabilisation mechanisms in the developing countries cannot be underestimated. It is great that during some few decades many of the developing countries under the threat of dominated ideologies could change their course along with the policies of decentralisation as the paramount approach to start with. Humanity of the twenty-first century, therefore, has many points to acquire in social, economical, and political issues as pertaining to the policy of decentralisation. Reference Crook, R. C. , Sverrisson, A. S. (1999). TO WHAT EXTENT CAN DECENTRALISED FORMS OF GOVERNMENT ENHANCE THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRO-POOR POLICIES AND IMPROVE POVERTY-ALLEVIATION OUTCOMES? Unpublished manuscript , 1-61. Faguet, J. -P. (2004). Does decentralization increase government responsiveness to local needs? Evidence from Bolivia. Journal of Public Economics , 88, 867– 893. Faguet, J. -P. (2005). The Effects of Decentralisation on Public Investment: Evidence and Four Lessons from Bolivia and Colombia. Crisis States Program , 62, 1-21. Faguet, J. -P. , Sanchez, F. (2009, February 8). DECENTRALIZATION AND ACCESS TO SOCIAL SERVICES IN COLOMBIA. 1-35. Faguet, J. -P. , Sanchez, F. (2006). DECENTRALIZATION’S EFFECTS ON EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES IN BOLIVIA AND COLOMBIA. DEDPS , 47, 1-42. Fritzen, S. A. , Lim, P. W. (2006). LKY School of Public Policy. PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF DECENTRALIZATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES (pp. 1-9). Singapore: National University of Singapore. Furtado, X. (2001). DECENTRALIZATION AND CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT: UNDERSTANDING THE LINKS AND THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PROGRAMMING. CIDA Policy Branch , 4, 1-11. Galiani, S. , Schargrodsky, E. (2001, September 19). Evaluating the Impact of School Decentralisation on Education Quality. JEL , 1-37. Galiani, S. , Gertler, P. , Schargrodsky, E. (2004, March 11). Helping the Good Get Better, but Leaving the Rest Behind: How Decentralization Affects School Performance. JEL , 1-34. Gropello, E. D. (1999). Educational decentralization models in Latin America. Cepal Review , 68, 155-173. Parry, T. R. (1997). Achieving Balance in Decentralization: A Case Study of Education Decentralization in Chile. World Development , 25 (2), 21 l-225,. Pena, P. S. (2006). Evaluation of the ejffects of decentralization on educational outcomes in Spain. JEL , 1-32. Rondinelli, D. A. (1981). Government Decentralization in Comparative Perspective: Theory and Practice in Developing Countries. International Review of Administrative Sciences , 2, 133-145. UNDP. (2005). United Nations Development Programme. Fiscal Decentralization in Transition Economies: Case Studies from the Balkans and Caucasus (pp. 1-194). Bratislava: UNDP Publishings. UNDP. (2005). United Nations Development Programme: Oslo Governance Centre. Democratic decentralization and poverty reduction: Bolivian case (pp. 3-46). Oslo: UNDP.

Essay --

Keanu Jefferson Mrs. Smith English 10-Period 4th 10 February 2014 â€Å"Dr. Heidegger's Experiment† And The Affects It Has Nathaniel Hawthorne was born on July fourth, eighteen o four in Salem, Massachusetts, to a family that had been prominent in the area for a long period of time. â€Å"Dr. Heidegger’s Experiment† was written in 1837 by Nathaniel Hawthorne. Nathaniel Hawthorne was not always interested in education, but he went to Bowdoin College in 1821. He would be the only person in his family to ever to go to college. He was prepared by Dr. Benjamin Lynde Oliver for college and the college experience. He really did not care about school or interested in any type of particular type of profession, but still went to collage anyway. He studied most of the classics some including mathematics, philosophy, composition, and natural science. During his college years he met many people, including future president Franklin Pierce. Hawthorne's use of obsession, desire, and experience was established in the theme in the short story â€Å"Dr. Heidegger's Experiment†. In the early and mid ei ghteen thirty's everybody was taking about the fountain of youth and the affects to make you younger it has. The theme to this story was based on this fact. When Hawthorne was writing â€Å"Dr.. Heidegger's Experiment† he must have been thinking about the fountain of youth, desire, experience, and the obsession of life so it influenced this story to be the way he wrote it.. People often say â€Å"If I had my life to live over again. I would not be where I am at right now. I would use my experience that I have gotten to really better my life.† this story can make people think about having another shot and if they did have another shot at life how they would do everything d... ...esire something so bad that you will put effort into papers and try to pass test so you can get these things. If you desire these things then you would not mind putting a little effort into it. Nathaniel Hawthorne died on May nineteen,eighteen sixty four,. Hawthorne was a very active man and was very healthy. Hawthorne health started to fail him. He would not go see in doctors or anything to find out what was wrong with him. There is no details on the way he died . His death up to this day is still a mystery and no records to this day exist to find out the way he died. Some people say he died of cardiac arrest ,but there is no proof to this day about what happened to him. He went to New Hampshire hills a place that he loved to go to hoping to regain his health. He went there went his old friend Franklin Pierce. Nathaniel Hawthorne died on the second day of the trip.

Compare/Contrast Paper

Darius White Michael Duffy TSEM: Blood, Lust, and the American Dream 13 October 2012 The articles I have selected all involve metaphorical drugs and addictions in vampire media. The in class article I have chosen is titled Not to Be Toyed With’: Drug Addiction, Bullying and Self-empowerment in Buffy the vampire Slayer by Rob Cover and it involves the fictional character, Willow, and her addiction to magic. The article shares several similarities with the peer reviewed article Battling Addictions in Dracula by Kristina Aikens, and â€Å"[I]s it dangerous? Alternative readings of â€Å"drugs† and â€Å"addiction† in Buffy the Vampire Slayer by Jo Latham. All three articles explain the drug references in vampire media albeit with different points and interpretations. They briefly explain what an addiction is and how it applies to that particular subject. But two articles in particular, Not to Be Toyed With and â€Å"[I]s it dangerous? † both mention the nega tive aspects of peer pressure and bullying and what effect it can have on someone’s psyche specifically on the character Willow.Both articles explain how Willow’s magical curiosity began to manifest into something darker through time. The more she used magic, the more she relied on it and the more she became reluctant to control herself. She also began to show signs of an addiction, including withdrawal. The articles differ from Not to Be Toyed With in the sense that they explain drug use using different examples. â€Å"[I]s it dangerous? † takes a more in depth look in how Willow’s addiction causes her to become more compulsive, and how her friendships begin to crumble the more she hurts others with her magic.The article states that â€Å"The show succeeds in depicting drug use and its consequences as a complex web of dynamic intra-action between personal agency and structural forms of social restraints. Magic is pharmAkon: poison and cure, and the dist inction arises from how it is used: for good or evil, productively or destructively. † It states that the show attempts to show that drugs aren’t entirely bad, but can be used constructively. It evens takes it a step further by comparing her to other drug abusers and the medical aspect of addictions.It mentions that there may be properties of magic that has universal effects that may result in addiction, not the magic itself. In Battling Addictions in Dracula, It doesn’t use magic as a metaphor for drugs, but it compares drug abusers to a vampire addicted to human blood, more specifically the war on drugs. It briefly mentions the various drugs and makes several references to vampire culture. It also states that the drug use in Dracula refers to real life instances where doctors would try to control drug consumption during that era.The article elaborates further by stating, â€Å"Doctors carefully regulate the use of drugs in the novel, implying that disaster wil l surely ensue if the drugs are used improperly, which is demonstrated when Lucy dies as an indirect result of the maids being drugged. † Works Cited Aikens, Kristina. â€Å"Battling Addictions in Dracula. † Manchester University/Gothic Studies, 17 Mar. 2010. PDF. 13 October 2012. http://ehis. ebscohost. com. proxy-tu. researchport. umd. edu/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? id=0737b5e2-8766-4318-a13a-9ef14709da71%40sessionmgr111&vid=3&hid=120 Latham, Jo. â€Å"[I]s it dangerous? Alternative readings of â€Å" drugs† and â€Å"addiction† in Buffy the Vampire Slayer. † Watcher Junior. June 2010. Web. 13 October 2012. http://www. watcherjunior. tv/05/latham. php Cover, Rob. â€Å"Not to be Toyed With': Drug addiction, Bullying and Self-empowerment in Buffy the Vampire Slayer. â€Å"Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies 2005 19(1): 85-101.

Hot zone

There are a number of characters in this book, choose one and tell us why you would want to be that person. Throughout this book we are introduced to many interesting and riveting characters but in my opinion one of the best characters in this book would have to be Major Nancy Jaax. She was a veterinarian in the Army, and her work at Fort Detrick in Maryland often took her away from her children. Consequently, she often made up batches of meals in advance so they could easily be thawed and reheated in the microwave (Preston, 1994). She and her husband, Jerry, met in college and both became veterinarians.They eventually entered the military together as members of the Army's Veterinary Corps(Preston, 1994). They lived in Maryland with their two children, Jason and Jaime, and various pets. Nancy's work took her away from her family in other respects, as well, and she missed saying goodbye to her dying father because she felt that leaving during the decontamination mission would be a der eliction of duty (Preston, 1994). Nancy Jaax had to fight to get into the pathology group at the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (Preston, 1994).At that time, her status as a married female† made other people feel that she was unqualified for the Job and that she would panic in a dire situation. The military at that time was still a very male-oriented organization. In addition, Nancy had bad reactions to the vaccinations necessary to enter the program (Preston, 1994). She actually wanted to get into the Level 4, or the highest-risk part of the program, because there is no vaccine for those agents. Finally, Nancy's hands tended to move very quickly, and that made others nervous (Preston, 1994).When individuals handle sharp instruments that could be contaminated witn virus-intested b everyone wants to believe that his or ner partner is going to handle these instruments safely. Over the course of time, Nancy battled through each of these objec tions. She studied martial arts to control her movements, and at 5 feet, 4 inches, she could knock a 6-foot-tall man to the ground easily (Preston, 1994). Getting accepted into the program also included her standing up for herself to the colonel in charge of the program (Preston, 1994).She proved her desire and her competency, and by the time of the outbreak at the monkey house in Reston, Nancy Jaax had been promoted to the Chief of Pathology at USAMRIID Preston, 1994). 2. In your opinion did the government react appropriately when they decided to destroy the monkeys in Reston? Why or why not? In my opinion, yes the government did react appropriately when they decided to destroy the monkeys in Reston. The monkeys at a research facility were infected with a strain of Ebola.The military, along with the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), takes on the task of entering the monkey house and destroying the animals in an attempt to keep the virus from Jumping into the human population and c ausing a potentially worldwide crisis (Preston, 1994). The entire facility must be treated as a Hot Zone, and hundreds of monkeys are killed. Scares abound throughout the procedure: one woman's ventilated suit runs out of battery power, a monkey thought to be unconscious wakes up on the operating table while it is being euthanized and tries to bite a soldier, and tears occur in various members' space suits

Free Essays on Lloyd George

What were the aims of David Lloyd George’s social reforms in the Edwardian period? Britain in the late nineteenth century was a world leading economic and military power. Although it was becoming more apparent that it was not going to remain a leading world power, if the massive social problems facing much of the country were not addressed. Problems such as poverty, unemployment, health care and education. Seebohm Rowntree had highlighted the extent and cause of these social problems through his extensive investigations and publication of, Poverty, a study of Town Life in 1901. â€Å"Throughout the eighties and nineties, at an increasing rate, the nation’s awareness of what was comprehensively called ‘the social problem’ had grown in width and depth.† It was quite clear by the time Lloyd George was promoted to Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1906 that there was a need for new priorities in the Liberals policies and he believed that they lay in social reforms. â€Å"He was mainly seeking all party support for a program of domestic social reform to tackle housing, health insurance, unemployment, education, the poor law, alcohol abuse and agriculture.† . Lloyd George knew that in order for the Liberal party to continue in its popularity it needed the support of the working classes. It was the working classes who would benefit directly from social reforms and so bring about support for the party and for Lloyd George. The massive need for social reform was also fueled by the fact that Britain was as an industrial power falling behind other world powers such as Germany and the United States. â€Å"Some employers became aware that the efficiency of the workforce could be increased not only by capital investment†¦but also by improving the efficiency of human capital, i.e. by Improving working conditions and providing welfare benefits for workers†¦Ã¢â‚¬  . It was time for the government to step in and attempt to pull Br... Free Essays on Lloyd George Free Essays on Lloyd George What were the aims of David Lloyd George’s social reforms in the Edwardian period? Britain in the late nineteenth century was a world leading economic and military power. Although it was becoming more apparent that it was not going to remain a leading world power, if the massive social problems facing much of the country were not addressed. Problems such as poverty, unemployment, health care and education. Seebohm Rowntree had highlighted the extent and cause of these social problems through his extensive investigations and publication of, Poverty, a study of Town Life in 1901. â€Å"Throughout the eighties and nineties, at an increasing rate, the nation’s awareness of what was comprehensively called ‘the social problem’ had grown in width and depth.† It was quite clear by the time Lloyd George was promoted to Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1906 that there was a need for new priorities in the Liberals policies and he believed that they lay in social reforms. â€Å"He was mainly seeking all party support for a program of domestic social reform to tackle housing, health insurance, unemployment, education, the poor law, alcohol abuse and agriculture.† . Lloyd George knew that in order for the Liberal party to continue in its popularity it needed the support of the working classes. It was the working classes who would benefit directly from social reforms and so bring about support for the party and for Lloyd George. The massive need for social reform was also fueled by the fact that Britain was as an industrial power falling behind other world powers such as Germany and the United States. â€Å"Some employers became aware that the efficiency of the workforce could be increased not only by capital investment†¦but also by improving the efficiency of human capital, i.e. by Improving working conditions and providing welfare benefits for workers†¦Ã¢â‚¬  . It was time for the government to step in and attempt to pull Br...

Example of a Process Analysis Essay

Example of a Process Analysis Essay In this short essay, a student explains the process of crabbing- that is, the steps involved in catching river crabs. Read (and enjoy) this student composition, and then respond to the discussion questions at the end. How to Catch River Crabs by Mary Zeigler As a lifelong crabber (that is, one who catches crabs, not a chronic complainer), I can tell you that anyone who has patience and a great love for the river is qualified to join the ranks of crabbers. However, if you want your first crabbing experience to be a successful one, you must come prepared. First, you need a boat, but not just any boat. I recommend a 15-foot-long fiberglass boat complete with a 25-horsepower motor, extra gas in a steel can, two 13-foot-long wooden oars, two steel anchors, and enough cushions for the entire party. You will also need scoops, crab lines, a sturdy crate, and bait. Each crab line, made from heavy-duty string, is attached to a weight, and around each weight is tied the baita slimy, smelly, and utterly grotesque chicken neck. Now, once the tide is low, you are ready to begin crabbing. Drop your lines overboard, but not before you have tied them securely to the boat rail. Because crabs are sensitive to sudden movements, the lines must be slowly lifted until the chicken necks are visible just below the surface of the water. If you spy a crab nibbling the bait, snatch him up with a quick sweep of your scoop. The crab will be furious, snapping its claws and bubbling at the mouth. Drop the crab into the wooden crate before it has a chance to get revenge. You should leave the crabs brooding in the crate as you make your way home. Back in your kitchen, you will boil the crabs in a large pot until they turn a healthy shade of orange. Just remember to keep the crab pot covered. Finally, spread newspapers over the kitchen table, deposit the boiled crabs on the newspaper and enjoy the most delicious meal of your life. Questions for Discussion Define each of the following words as they are used in this essay: chronic, grotesque, brooding.In the introductory paragraph, has the writer clearly identified the skill to be taught and provided enough background information for readers to know when, where, and why this skill may be practiced?Has the writer provided necessary warnings in appropriate places?Is the list of needed materials (in paragraph two) clear and complete?Have the steps in paragraph three been arranged in the exact order in which they are to be carried out?Has the writer explained each step clearly and used appropriate transitional expressions to guide readers smoothly from one step to the next?Is the concluding paragraph effective? Explain why or why not. Does the conclusion make it clear how readers will know if they have carried out the procedures correctly?Offer an overall evaluation of the essay, pointing out what you think are its strengths and weaknesses.

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 17

History - Essay Example n the widening of the gap between the haves and the have-nots, which in turn results to an increase in levels of crime in the form of drug trafficking and abuse, and theft and burglary among other criminal activities. Politically, oil affects society as the ruling elite strive to acquire and sustain control of oil wells or the oil business, and make political decisions in such a way that the supply of oil would not be affected negatively. This essay reviews the role of oil in determining the social, political and economic history of the United States over the years since the 1970s to the present. In 1973, the United States government decided to supply the Israeli military with artillery and other war requirements during the Yom Kippur war. This stirred a response by the Arab country members of the OPEC who withdrew from the organisation that was the primary oil producer at the time (Pelletià ¨re 140). The United States took the blame for disrupting oil supply and creating the possibility of high prices of oil and a possible recession, which resulted in tensed relationship with other countries. These countries included some European countries and Japan, all of whom took measures that could have cut ties with the United States. Moreover, Regan lost the presidency to Bush owing to his poor policies when the country needed him, especially by opting to commit resources to fight communism instead of fighting poverty back home. This shortage of oil had an economic role in the stock market crash of 1973 to 1974, which resulted in loss of investments in the stock market. When the Arab countries realised the impact that oil shortage had on the world, they decided to practise price control measures, which resulted in a sustained increases of prices in the United States over the years. This resulted in an increasing price of goods and services, and resulted to deterioration of living standards in the United States, which mostly affected the poor and minorities with the

Business Analysis Plan (BAP) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Business Analysis Plan (BAP) - Assignment Example It would also include the analysis of the financial information of the company, i.e. the financial facts and figures and financial ratios that indicate the performance of the company. COMPANY OVERVIEW SingTel is one of the leading communications group in Asia. The company provides a number of services including; mobile, internet, data, info-communications technology, pay TV and satellite TV. With regard to market capitalization, SingTel is the largest listed company on the Singapore Exchange. The company has developed and implemented upon its strategy of investing outside its home market, thus the company wholly acquired the Australian telecommunications company Optus. The company also owns a significant shareholding in Bharti Airtel, the largest telecommunications company in India. The company conducts its operations in a number of other countries and it is also listed on Australian Securities Exchange after the acquisition of Optus, the second largest provider of communications ser vices in Australia. Apart from that, the company is also a long-term strategic investor in regional mobile operators in Indonesia, Thailand, Pakistan, India, the Philippines and Bangladesh. In order to facilitate the needs of multinational corporations, the company also has a network of offices in 19 countries and territories in Europe, the USA and Asia Pacific. The company has shown significant growth in the recent past and over a span of one year the number of its customer base has increased by 19 percent. The customer base of the company as at 30 June 2011 is 416 million. This growth in the customer base has brought the company in line with the largest mobile network operators in the world (SingTel). The company also has an advantage over its competitors due to its popularity and the company keeps its position by introducing new products in the market (Koh 2008). From investment perspective, the company defines itself as a long term investor. The company invests in regional compa nies and extends its expertise due to its large network, customer base and the experience in the industry. The company is actively involved in the operational decisions of the companies it has invested in. In all the investments the company has made, it holds potential shareholder rights and governance authorities. Through SingTel, regional companies acquire access to the experiences and insights of other companies which are affiliated with SingTel and thus the company also acts as a platform where regional companies benefit from each other’s expertise. The company intends to continue its growth through new investments therefore the company expresses that it continues reviews investment opportunities in Asia and other equally profitable markets. The mission statement of the company is ‘Breaking Barriers, Building Bonds’. The company specifies in its mission statement that it enables communication by breaking all the barriers and it brings together people by build ing new bonds. The company helps businesses and people communicate anytime and in various ways. The company’s mission statement also specifies that the company intends to make communication faster, easier, reliable and more economical. The company also intends to deliver value to its shareholders, affiliates and its customers (SingTel). Thus, it can be said

Short Critical Thinking Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Short Critical Thinking - Assignment Example There is also a growing concern for certain categories of visitors in social networking sites such as minors being exposed to inappropriate content or uploading certain photos which could compromise them. There more popular concern about social networks however are the inadvertent effects derived from an online post. The classic example for this is relationships that have gone sour due to inappropriate tagging in social networking site. Say for example a â€Å"boys night out† where pictures of it were uploaded in the social networking site where the wife/girlfriend can see. It may have been uploaded for fun but the consequence of it can spell disaster for relationships. 2. The founder of Wikipedia has a noble mission – to share all the world’s information with everyone everywhere, anytime. In what ways has this mission been successful? In what ways has it not been successful?   Wikipedia has been successful in its mission in sharing all the world’s information as it has become one of leading source of information about just anything. Research became easier because Wikipedia is very accessible and able to provide quick information about almost anything at language that is easily understandable. Wikipedia is also a victim of its own success however. Privilege information such as security information about the state and information about diplomatic assessments were leaked into the public which compromises the security of a country and relationship between nations. Email is dead for teenagers. Given the alternatives for email which are networking sites, chatrooms and text messages, teenagers find email to be boring and slow. Teenagers these days are used to quick information and communication which email lags behind compared to its counterparts in digital communication. In addition, email does not provide entertainment and variety which is critical among

Witchcraft And Demonology In Early Modern Europe

Witchcraft And Demonology In Early Modern Europe The witch-hunts were one of the most important events in the history of early modern Europe, taking place from the mid-15th century and ending in the mid-18th century. The view of witchcraft evolved throughout the period, with the Canon Episcopi calling the belief in witches a heresy, to Pope Innocent VIII issuing a bull in 1484 to denounce the practice of witchcraft as a heresy – all in a span of about 500 years. On the topic of witchcraft, it is unavoidable that the issue of gender would be discussed. The central question of this report would be how historians account for the persecution of more women than men in the witch-hunts in early modern Europe. The report will first outline the stereotype of a witch and discuss how this stereotype was promulgated. It will be concerned with two possible explanations that attempt to account for the persecution of more women than men – firstly, how the persecutions may be a results of a misogynistic and patriarchal culture, and s econdly, how the hunts may be been a result of the lack of tolerance for social deviance of women. The stereotype of a witch A collection of statistics indicate that a majority of accused witches were women, with most estimates pointing to about 80% of all victims being women (Ross, 1995: 334). Levack (1987: 142) provides a list of statistics indicating that in most regions in Europe, about three-quarters of the accused were women, with the figures being 90% in regions in Poland and England. Very evidently, the predominant notion of a witch is that it is foremost a woman. In discussing the stereotype of a witch it is difficult not to make reference to the cumulative concept of witchcraft (Levack, 1987: 32-51), which points to certain factors that would help in the identification of a witch. These include a witch’s association with the Devil, the pact with the Devil, the Sabbath, nightflying and metamorphosis. Reginald Scot in 1584 described witches as women who were â€Å"commonly old, lame, blearie-eied, pale, fowle, and full of wrinkles, poore, sullen, and superstitious†. This stereotype was promulgated by both genders. Women in early modern Europe were viewed as the weaker gender that was dependent on men in many ways, including for livelihood (Larner, 1984:86). Since the society was heavily patriarchal, women who did not fit in to the mould of a normal woman threatened the idea of females behaving in a particular manner. These women were nonconformists, and therefore put the livelihoods of other women at risk. Hence, they were ostrac ised by normal women. In behaving in a manner that was different, these women also threatened male domination and therefore had to be condemned by men. Both genders fed the idea that a woman who looked and behaved in a certain manner was a witch, hence allowing the stereotype to persist and spread. In addition, the stereotype of a domestic witch could have been said to be reinforced by a vicious cycle. This is evident in some cases, such as in that of Anna Schwayhofer, who confessed to stealing the Consecrated Host but still bothered to sweep up the crumbs after she had done so (Barry, Hester and Roberts, 1996: 230). The association of witches and broomsticks or distaffs used for spinning also fed the stereotype. Women were mostly restricted to the confines of their allotted spaces, and those practicing harmful magic would most likely be found in those spaces (Blà ©court, 2000: 303). Hence, it was not surprising that witchcraft was associated with the women and their domestic activities. Gendered witchcraft and misogyny The elite perception of women pointed to how they tended to be intellectually weaker than men, yet have more insatiable sexual appetites and a higher tendency to pursue the occult, a view propounded by 16th-century friar Martin de Castaà ±ega and in the Malleus itself by Kramer and Sprenger. Hence, historical literature tended to point towards how women were the more inferior of the two genders and therefore had the larger propensity to be driven towards becoming a witch. Without a doubt, the society in Europe at that point of time was one that was highly patriarchal in nature (Hufton, 1983, 125-141). While the society was essentially patriarchal in nature, there are arguments as to whether this can be extended to be characterised as being misogynistic. Anderson and Gordon (1978) point to the innate inferiority that women possessed in the eyes of the Roman Catholic Church, the dominant religious authority in that time, saying that the Church saw women as more â€Å"amenable to the allures of Satan† (Anderson and Gordon, 1978: 174). The paper also highlights the role of the Malleus Maleficarum (1486), that was anti-feminist and very popular, reprinting fourteen editions. The Malleus essentially highlights women as creatures possessing insatiable lust, yet not having the strength of mind to counter the temptations of the Devil. However, statistics also show that women were not the only ones who were victims of the witch-hunts. In several regions, men were the ones who were heavily persecuted instead. Regions such as Finland show a relatively even number of male and female persecutions, while in areas such as Normandy and Iceland, the number of accused male witches far exceeded the number of female ones. This clearly shows that if there had been a culture of misogyny, it was not uniformed throughout Europe. Monter (1964: 563) points out that the stereotypical witch in the French province of Normandy was not a poor, old woman, but a shepherd who may be a youth or an old man. Similarly, in Iceland, only 8% of all the accused witches were women (Levack, 1987: 142). The analysis and discussion of these statistics seem to point to the fact that there were differences in societal perspectives towards women and the differences in questioning techniques (Monter, 1964: 588). Monter (1964: 589) suggests that women wer e treated with leniency during the trial, and some were kept in prison alive for interrogation, even while the men were being executed. The reasons behind why men were more persecuted in some societies and women in others are unclear, but most historians point to the fact that it was impossible to pinpoint a particular reason in every society why this was so. Much of the reasons behind the gender imbalances must be attributed to the culture and views of the society itself, but what can be certain is that the witch-hunt was not strictly gender-specific. Without a doubt, a society that places emphasis on patriarchal values cannot be dismissed as misogynistic simply based on statistics alone. At this point it is relevant to note that there were differences between the elite and peasant conceptions of witchcraft, and this extended to the persecution of women. For the peasantry, the persecution of witches was less of the pact with the Devil and more of practical concerns such as the failure of crops or the death of livestock (Laurence, 1995: 216-218). Similarly, with the persecution of women, the concerns circled around the fact that babies and young children were being â€Å"victims† of maleficia, rather than the witch being a Devil-worshipper per se. Unsurprisingly, therefore, a large number of women who were accused of being witches were the lying-in maids for more privileged families, who looked after the newborns and had direct contact with them, as in the case of Anna Ebeler of Augsburg (Roper, 1991: 19). Roper (1991: 23) also points to how this may be a result of the association of femineity and maternity. Normal women were able to have children, yet witches w ere unable to, leading to a sense of envy that bred the feeling of hatred towards mothers and their babies. Strands of deviance One of the central themes occurring in the witch-hunts would have to be the fact that the society in early modern Europe had very little tolerance for those who were different from them. Jews and homosexuals were persecuted, and the society was predominantly peasant, poor and part of the Roman Catholic Church. Those who were different were frowned upon. Women generally married and had children at a young age, were uneducated and viewed as weak. Their primary purpose was to be subservient to their husbands and serve their families, keeping the household. This view of women can be contrasted to the stereotype of a witch, as mentioned above. Being old and unmarried, as well as being socially isolated, these alleged witches were evidently different from the general conception of a woman in society. Larner (1981:92) puts forward the idea that witches were persecuted not because they were women, but because they were â€Å"non-women† who did not fit into the societal view of a woman. While a typical woman was maternal, witches were unable to have children; where typical women stayed home at nights, witches flew to remote locations to join Sabbaths. This fit in with the elite conceptions that the reality in which witches lived in was essentially one that was an anti-society. Blà ©court (2000: 300) explains that God was a â€Å"guardian of social norms†, while the Devil was just the very opposite. These â€Å"non-women† were persecuted for disobeying the social norms, and some historians even argue that women accused other women of being witches because they felt threatened by an individual who did not conform to the male image of them (Larner, 1981: 102). The role of the Roman Church was also not to be ignored in the reinforcement of this stereotype. Women ha d an increased likelihood to practice love magic as compared to men (Blà ©court, 2000: 303), and since only priests of the Church could legally practice magic, they were more likely to be persecuted as a result. Remote possibilities While the possible presence of a repressive patriarchy or a societal aversion to deviant behaviour have often been cited as the reasons behind the gender imbalance during the witch-hunts, there are a few other remote possibilities that will be mentioned in the passing. Scully (1995: 857-858) points to how Venetian witches could choose witchcraft as a career option as opposed to being married or forced into prostitution, and this could be an escape from a possibly malevolent life, thereby proving to be a popular alternative for women in the region at that time. In his paper, Goodare (1991: 291-292) argues that economic factors could have been one of the reasons for the witch-hunts. Since the people had fallen upon hard times, those dependent upon charity handouts were hostile to others who were their competition – and these were mainly women. Another article by Ross (Ross, 1995: 333-337) draws an interesting correlation between the outbreak of syphilis in the 16th century and t he persecution of more women than men. He posits that women, being the symbols of fertility, could be shunned due to syphilis as they would be spreading the venereal disease. Further, much of the witch’s behaviour, he says, could be attributed to the madness that is a symptom of the disease. While fascinating, these observations by historians seem to be unique suggestions that do not appear in the literature as main causes for the increased persecution of women. Conclusion To conclude, this report has outlined the stereotype of a witch and what perpetrated this stereotype throughout early modern Europe. It seems persuasive to argue that although there was a strong patriarchal society in those days, this culture did not amount to being misogynistic in nature. The stereotype of the witch that emerge during this period and that was adopted by most modern historians emphasise a few features of witches that generally seem to be a result of the lack of tolerance for social deviant behaviour, and simply reinforced time and again in a vicious cycle. The trend points to the fact that there are a variety of factors that resulted in more women being persecuted than men. Often, this phenomenon can only be attributed to the differences in the various societies in Europe, and the culture of the region or country. Ultimately, it can be concluded that a combination of factors led to more women being persecuted than men. References Anderson, Alan and Gordan, Raymond. 1978. ‘Witchcraft and the Status of Women The Case of England’. The British Journal of Sociology, Vol. 29, No. 2: 171-184. Barry, Jonathan, Hester, Marianne and Roberts, Gareth. 1999. Witchcraft in Early Modern Europe: Studies in Culture and Belief (Past and Present Publications). Melbourne: Cambridge University Press. de Blà ©court, Willem. 2000. ‘The Making of a Female Witch’. Gender and History, Vol. 12, No. 2: 125-141. Goodare, Julian. 1998. ‘Women and the Witch-Hunt in Scotland’. Social History, Vol. 23, No. 3: 288-308. Hufton, Olwen. 1983. ‘Women in History. Early Modern Europe’. Past Present, No. 101: 125-141. Larner Christina. 1981. Enemies of God: The Witch-Hunt in Scotland. London: Chatto Windus. Larner, Christina. 1984. Witchcraft and Religion: The Politics of Popular Belief. New York: Basil Blackwell. Laurence, Anne. 1995. Women in Engliand, 1500-1760, A Social History. London: Weidenfeld Nicolson Illustrated. Levack, Brian. 1987. The Witch-hunt in Early Modern Europe. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited. Monter, Williams. 1997. ‘Toads and Eucharists: The Male Witches of Normandy, 1564-1660’. French Historical Studies, Vol. 20, No. 4: 563-595. Ross, Eric B. 1995. ‘Syphilis, Misogyny, and Witchcraft in 16th-Century Europe’. Current Anthropology, Vol. 36, No. 2: 333-337. Sawyer, Ronald C. 1989. ‘Strangely Handled in All Her Lyms: Witchcraft and Healing in Jacobean England’. Journal of Social History, Vol. 22, No. 3: 461-485. Scully, Sally. 1995. ‘Marriage or a Career?: Witchcraft as an Alternative in Seventeenth-Century Venice’. 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